Reverse Osmosis, a water treatment method traditionally known for removing salt from seawater, is also used to purify drinking water by forcing untreated water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane or filter.
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water is more compatible with soap and extends the lifetime of plumbing.
pH is an indicator of the acid or alkaline condition of water. The pH is mostly a result of natural geological conditions at the site and the type of minerals found in the local rock.
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses ultraviolet (UV) light at sufficiently short wavelength to kill microorganisms.
Iron and manganese are undesirable in groundwater because of their effect on the appearance and taste of the water, their ability to cause staining, and the health effects of manganese.
